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小編給大家分享一下如何解決Java多線程的臨界資源問題,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后都有所收獲,下面讓我們一起去探討吧!
臨界資源問題的原因:某一個線程在對臨界資源進行訪問時,還沒來得及完全修改臨界資源的值,臨界資源就被其他線程拿去訪問,導致多個線程訪問同一資源。直觀表現為打印結果順序混亂。
解決方法:加鎖
靜態方法中用類鎖,非靜態方法中用對象鎖。
1.同步代碼段:synchronized(){...}
2.同步方法:使用關鍵字synchronized修飾的方法
3.使用顯式同步鎖ReentrantLock
鎖池描述的即為鎖外等待的狀態
方法一:同步代碼段:synchronized(){...}
public class SourceConflict { public static void main(String[] args) { //實例化4個售票員,用4個線程模擬4個售票員 Runnable r = () -> { while (TicketCenter.restCount > 0) { synchronized(" ") { if (TicketCenter.restCount <= 0) { return; } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "賣出一張票,剩余" + --TicketCenter.restCount + "張票"); } } }; //用4個線程模擬4個售票員 Thread thread1 = new Thread(r, "thread-1"); Thread thread2 = new Thread(r, "thread-2"); Thread thread3 = new Thread(r, "thread-3"); Thread thread4 = new Thread(r, "thread-4"); //開啟線程 thread1.start(); thread2.start(); thread3.start(); thread4.start(); } } //實現四名售票員共同售票,資源共享,非獨立 //Lambda表達式或匿名內部類內部捕獲的局部變量必須顯式的聲明為 final 或實際效果的的 final 類型,而捕獲實例或靜態變量是沒有限制的 class TicketCenter{ public static int restCount = 100; }
方法二:同步方法,即使用關鍵字synchronized修飾的方法
public class SourceConflict2 { public static void main(String[] args) { //實例化4個售票員,用4個線程模擬4個售票員 Runnable r = () -> { while (TicketCenter.restCount > 0) { sellTicket(); } }; //用4個線程模擬4個售票員 Thread thread1 = new Thread(r, "thread-1"); Thread thread2 = new Thread(r, "thread-2"); Thread thread3 = new Thread(r, "thread-3"); Thread thread4 = new Thread(r, "thread-4"); //開啟線程 thread1.start(); thread2.start(); thread3.start(); thread4.start(); } private synchronized static void sellTicket() { if (TicketCenter.restCount <= 0) { return; } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "賣出一張票,剩余" + --TicketCenter.restCount + "張票"); } } class TicketCenter{ public static int restCount = 100; }
方法三:使用顯式同步鎖ReentrantLock
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class SourceConflict3 { public static void main(String[] args) { //實例化4個售票員,用4個線程模擬4個售票員 //顯式鎖 ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Runnable r = () -> { while (TicketCenter.restCount > 0) { lock.lock(); if (TicketCenter.restCount <= 0) { return; } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "賣出一張票,剩余" + --TicketCenter.restCount + "張票"); lock.unlock(); } }; //用4個線程模擬4個售票員 Thread thread1 = new Thread(r, "thread-1"); Thread thread2 = new Thread(r, "thread-2"); Thread thread3 = new Thread(r, "thread-3"); Thread thread4 = new Thread(r, "thread-4"); //開啟線程 thread1.start(); thread2.start(); thread3.start(); thread4.start(); } } class TicketCenter{ public static int restCount = 100; }
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