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這篇文章給大家分享的是有關如何使用Python實現井字棋游戲的內容。小編覺得挺實用的,因此分享給大家做個參考,一起跟隨小編過來看看吧。
說明
用python實現了井字棋,整個框架是本人自己構思的,自認為比較滿意。另外,90%+的代碼也是本人逐字逐句敲的。
minimax算法還沒完全理解,所以參考了這里的代碼,并作了修改。
特點
可以選擇人人、人機、機人、機機四種對戰模式之一
電腦玩家的AI使用了minimax算法,帶apha-beta剪枝
電腦玩家在思考時,時時刻刻都有一個“假想敵”。以便使得minimax算法運轉起來
代碼
#作者:hhh6460 #時間:2017年6月26日 # 棋盤 class Board(object): def __init__(self): #self._board = '-'*9 # 坑!! self._board = ['-' for _ in range(9)] self._history = [] # 棋譜 # 按指定動作,放入棋子 def _move(self, action, take): if self._board[action] == '-': self._board[action] = take self._history.append((action, take)) # 加入棋譜 # 撤銷動作,拿走棋子 def _unmove(self, action): self._board[action] = '-' self._history.pop() # 棋盤快照 def get_board_snapshot(self): return self._board[:] # 取棋盤上的合法走法 def get_legal_actions(self): actions = [] for i in range(9): if self._board[i] == '-': actions.append(i) return actions # 判斷走法是否合法 def is_legal_action(self, action): return self._board[action] == '-' # 終止檢測 def teminate(self): board = self._board lines = [board[0:3], board[3:6], board[6:9], board[0::3], board[1::3], board[2::3], board[0::4], board[2:7:2]] if ['X']*3 in lines or ['O']*3 in lines or '-' not in board: return True else: return False # 勝負檢查 def get_winner(self): board = self._board lines = [board[0:3], board[3:6], board[6:9], board[0::3], board[1::3], board[2::3], board[0::4], board[2:7:2]] if ['X']*3 in lines: return 0 elif ['O']*3 in lines: return 1 else: return 2 # 打印棋盤 def print_b(self): board = self._board for i in range(len(board)): print(board[i], end='') if (i+1)%3 == 0: print() # 打印棋譜 def print_history(self): print(self._history) # 玩家 class Player(object): ''' 玩家只做兩件事:思考、落子 1. 思考 --> 得到走法 2. 落子 --> 執行走法,改變棋盤 ''' def __init__(self, take='X'): # 默認執的棋子為 take = 'X' self.take=take def think(self, board): pass def move(self, board, action): board._move(action, self.take) # 人類玩家 class HumanPlayer(Player): def __init__(self, take): super().__init__(take) def think(self, board): while True: action = input('Please input a num in 0-8:') if len(action)==1 and action in '012345678' and board.is_legal_action(int(action)): return int(action) # 電腦玩家 class AIPlayer(Player): def __init__(self, take): super().__init__(take) def think(self, board): print('AI is thinking ...') take = ['X','O'][self.take=='X'] player = AIPlayer(take) # 假想敵!!! _, action = self.minimax(board, player) #print('OK') return action # 極大極小法搜索,α-β剪枝 def minimax(self, board, player, depth=0) : '''參考:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44089757/minimax-algorithm-for-tic-tac-toe-python''' if self.take == "O": bestVal = -10 else: bestVal = 10 if board.teminate() : if board.get_winner() == 0 : return -10 + depth, None elif board.get_winner() == 1 : return 10 - depth, None elif board.get_winner() == 2 : return 0, None for action in board.get_legal_actions() : # 遍歷合法走法 board._move(action, self.take) val, _ = player.minimax(board, self, depth+1) # 切換到 假想敵!!! board._unmove(action) # 撤銷走法,回溯 if self.take == "O" : if val > bestVal: bestVal, bestAction = val, action else : if val < bestVal: bestVal, bestAction = val, action return bestVal, bestAction # 游戲 class Game(object): def __init__(self): self.board = Board() self.current_player = None # 生成玩家 def mk_player(self, p, take='X'): # p in [0,1] if p==0: return HumanPlayer(take) else: return AIPlayer(take) # 切換玩家 def switch_player(self, player1, player2): if self.current_player is None: return player1 else: return [player1, player2][self.current_player == player1] # 打印贏家 def print_winner(self, winner): # winner in [0,1,2] print(['Winner is player1','Winner is player2','Draw'][winner]) # 運行游戲 def run(self): ps = input("Please select two player's type:\n\t0.Human\n\t1.AI\nSuch as:0 0\n") p1, p2 = [int(p) for p in ps.split(' ')] player1, player2 = self.mk_player(p1, 'X'), self.mk_player(p2, 'O') # 先手執X,后手執O print('\nGame start!\n') self.board.print_b() # 顯示棋盤 while True: self.current_player = self.switch_player(player1, player2) # 切換當前玩家 action = self.current_player.think(self.board) # 當前玩家對棋盤進行思考后,得到招法 self.current_player.move(self.board, action) # 當前玩家執行招法,改變棋盤 self.board.print_b() # 顯示當前棋盤 if self.board.teminate(): # 根據當前棋盤,判斷棋局是否終止 winner = self.board.get_winner() # 得到贏家 0,1,2 break self.print_winner(winner) print('Game over!') self.board.print_history() if __name__ == '__main__': Game().run()
下圖是人人對戰的結果
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