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python中的變量定義是很靈活的,很容易搞混淆,特別是對于class的變量的定義,如何定義使用類里的變量是我們維護代碼和保證代碼穩定性的關鍵。
#!/usr/bin/python #encoding:utf-8 global_variable_1 = 'global_variable' class MyClass(): class_var_1 = 'class_val_1' # define class variable here def __init__(self, param): self.object_var_1 = param # define object variable here self.object_var_2 = 'object_val_2' # define object variable here self.object_func3() def object_func1(self, param): local_var_1 = param # define lcoal variable here local_var_2 = 'local_val_2' # define local variable here self.internal_var_1 = 'internal_val_1' # define internal variable here print(local_var_1) # we can use local variable of current here print(local_var_2) # we can use local variable of current here print(MyClass.class_var_1) # we can use class variable here, but you have using class name ass prefix print(self.class_var_1) # we can use class variable as object variable here print(self.object_var_1) # we can use object variable here print(self.object_var_2) # we can use object variable here print(self.internal_var_1) # we can use internal variable here #print(local_var_3) # we can't use local variable in another function print(global_variable_1) # we can use global variable here def object_func2(self, param='func_val_1'): local_var_3 = param # define local variable here print(local_var_3) # we can use lcoal variable here print(self.internal_var_1) # we can use internal variable defined in class_func1, but you have to call class_func1 first print(MyClass.class_var_1) # we can use class variable here, but you have using class name ass prefix print(self.class_var_1) # we can class variable here print(self.object_var_1) # we can use object variable here print(self.object_var_2) # we can use object variable here print(global_variable_1) # we can use global variable here def object_func3(self, param='func_val_1'): self.object_var_3 = param # because this function called in construction function, so this is defined as object variable, not internal variable self.object_var_4 = 'object_val_4' # because this function called in construction function, so this is defined as object variable, not internal variable print(global_variable_1) # we can use global variable here # define class function def class_func4(): print(MyClass.class_var_1) print(global_variable_1) # we can use global variable here if __name__ == '__main__': myObject = MyClass('object_val_1') print(MyClass.class_var_1) # we can use class variable directly here #print(MyClass.object_var_1) # we can't use object variable here print(myObject.object_var_1) # we can use object variable here print(myObject.object_var_2) # we can use object variable here print(myObject.object_var_3) # we can use object variable here print(myObject.object_var_4) # we can use object variable here #print(myObject.internal_var_1) # we can't use internal variable as object variable here MyClass.class_func4() # we can use class function here #MyClass.object_func2(myObject, 'local_var_3') # internal variable can't be used in this function myObject.object_func1('local_var_1') # call first function myObject.object_func2('local_var_3') # call second function print(global_variable_1) # we can use global variable here
簡單的寫了個測試小程序,枚舉了各種情況,沒有辦法全部枚舉,但大部分情況應該都已經包含了。
1. 類變量:能夠通過類名或者object的self來訪問到,在類的內部和外部均可達,比如class_var_1
2. 對象變量:可以通過對象的self來使用的變量,通過constructor一路走向去的的self初次被賦值的變量都會成為對象變量,比如object_var_1, object_var_2, object_var_3, object_var_4
3. 內部變量:可以在函數中定義,并加上self前綴,在初次調用過定義的函數后,就可以在后面的對象的函數中被使用,比如internal_var_1
4. 局部變量:在函數內部定義,并使用的變量,在使用完之后就會被回收對類及object不可見
5. 全局變量:定義在類或者函數外部,作用域在變量被定義之后的任意代碼段,比如:global_var_1
以上是基于我自己的測試得到的結論,如果有不對的地方,可以幫忙指正。
這篇對python 中class與變量的使用方法詳解就是小編分享給大家的全部內容了,希望能給大家一個參考,也希望大家多多支持億速云。
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