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下文內容主要給大家帶來MySQL數據庫備份的安全與重要性,所講到的知識,與書籍略有不同,都是億速云專業技術人員在與用戶接觸過程中,總結出來的,具有一定的經驗分享價值,希望給廣大讀者帶來幫助。
mysqldump -u root -p auth > /backup/auth.sql
mysqldump -u 用戶名 -p [密碼] [選項] --databases 庫名 1 [庫名2] ... > /備份路徑/備份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p --databases autth mysql > /backup/databases-auth-mysql.sql
mysqldump -u 用戶名 -p [密碼] [選項] --all-databases > /備份路徑/備份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p --opt --all-databases > /backup/all-data.sql
mysqldump -u 用戶名 -p [密碼] [選項] 數據庫名 表命 > /備份路徑/備份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p mysql user > /backup/mysql-user.sql
MySQL[(none)]>source /backup/all-data.sql
mysql -u 用戶名 -p [密碼] < 庫備份腳本的路徑
mysql -u root -p < /backup/all-data.sql
mysq| -u 用戶名 -p [密碼] < 表備份腳本的路徑
mysql -u root -P mysq| < /backup/mysql-user.sql
一般恢復
基于時間點的恢復
mysqlbinlog [--no-defaults] 增量備份文件 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p
mysqlbinlog --stop-position='操作 id' 二進制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
mysqlbinlog --start-position='操作 id' 二進制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --stop-datetime='年-月-日 小時:分鐘:秒' 二進制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名-p 密碼
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --start-datetime='年-月-日 小時:分鐘:秒' 二進制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --start-datetime='年-月-日 小時:分鐘:秒' --stop-datetime='年-月-日 小時:分鐘:秒' 二進制日志 | mysql -u 用戶名 -p 密碼
[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p //進入數據庫
Enter password:
mysql> create database school; //創建數據庫
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use school; //使用數據庫
Database changed
mysql> create table info( //創建表
-> id int(3) not null primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(10) not null,
-> score decimal(4,1) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> desc info; //查看表結構
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(3) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| score | decimal(4,1) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('stu01',88),('stu02',77); //插入表數據
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from info; //查看表內容
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | stu02 | 77.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info limit 1; //只顯示表中的前1行
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ //切換到數據庫的數據目錄下
[root@master2 data]# ls
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql school test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema sys
[root@master2 data]# cd school/
[root@master2 school]# ls //數據中的文件
db.opt info.frm info.ibd
[root@master2 school]# cd ..
[root@master2 data]# tar Jcvf /opt/mysql-$(date +%F).tar.xz /usr/local/mysql/data/ //用xz格式壓縮
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school > /opt/school.sql //邏輯備份單個數據庫
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim school.sql //查看備份數據庫腳本
...
CREATE TABLE `info` (
`id` int(3) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`score` decimal(4,1) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
...
LOCK TABLES `info` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `info` VALUES (1,'stu01',88.0),(2,'stu02',77.0);
...
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases school mysql > /opt/db_school_mysql.sql //備份多個數據庫
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --opt --all-databases > /opt/all.sql //完全備份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school info > /opt/school_info.sql //對數據庫中的表進行備份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh school.sql
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p -d school info > /opt/school_info_desc.sql //對表結構進行備份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql
db_school_mysql.sql rh school.sql
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz school_info_desc.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p //進入數據庫
Enter password:
mysql> show databases; //查看數據庫
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school; //使用數據庫
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table info; //刪除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; //查看表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /opt/school.sql //恢復數據庫腳本文件
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table info; //刪除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; //查看表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit //退出
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 school < /opt/school.sql //利用mysql命令進行恢復
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //進入數據庫
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf //開啟二進制日志文件
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin //開啟二進制日志文件
server-id = 1
[root@master2 opt]# systemctl restart mysqld.service //重啟mysql服務
[root@master2 opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ //切換到mysql站點
[root@master2 data]# ls //查看二進制日志文件
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys
[root@master2 data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123123 school > /opt/school.sql //一次完全備份
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# ls
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs //刷新二進制日志文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# ls //生成新的二進制日志文件,接下來的操作會保存在mysql-bin.000002中
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql mysql-bin.index sys
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 performance_schema test
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000002 school
[root@master2 data]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##進入數據庫
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by01',66); //正確操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='st01'; //錯誤操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by02',99); //正確操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs //刷新二進制日志文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v mysql-bin.000002 > /opt/bak.txt //用64位解碼器查看二進制日志文件,并生成一個文件
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
bak.txt mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim bak.txt //查看二進制日志文件
# at 1084
#191127 20:14:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 1132 CRC32 0xdcc90eb5 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` //第一次正確操作的時間和位置
### SET
### @1=3
### @2='by01'
### @3=66.0
...
# at 1302 //停止位置點
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1357 CRC32 0x6648509a Table_map: `school`.`info` mapped to number 221
# at 1357
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1405 CRC32 0x1eeb752b Delete_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM `school`.`info` //第二次執行錯誤操作的時間和位置191127 20:14:46
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='st01'
### @3=88.0
# at 1405 //開始位置點
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1436 CRC32 0xf1c8d903 Xid = 54
...
# at 1630
#191127 20:15:16 server id 1 end_log_pos 1678 CRC32 0x08d9b0f4 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` //第二次正確操作的時間和位置191127 20:15:16
### SET
### @1=4
### @2='by02'
### @3=99.0
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //進入數據庫
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //進入庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> drop table info; //刪除數據庫
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看表
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'school.info' doesn't exist
mysql> source /opt/school.sql //恢復完全備份數據庫腳本
...
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看表數據
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime='2019-11-27 20:14:46' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //恢復bin.000002中前一個正確的執行語句(從第二個錯誤語句時間點停止)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //進入數據庫
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表數據,恢復了第一次正確操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='2019-11-27 20:15:16' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //跳過錯誤節點,恢復最后一個正確的操作(從最后一個正確的操作時間點開始)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //進入數據庫
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表數據,恢復了第二次正確操作,跳過了錯誤的操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='by01'; //為實驗方便直接刪除
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='by02'; //刪除
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //完全備份的初始狀態
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-position='1302' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //跳過錯誤操作的位置點從上一個位置點開始
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //進入數據庫
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表數據,恢復了第一次正確的操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='1405' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //從錯誤的位置后一個位置點開始,跳過錯誤操作的位置點
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //進入數據庫
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表數據,跳過錯誤操作,恢復第二次正確操作數據
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //全部增量恢復
對于以上關于MySQL數據庫備份的安全與重要性,如果大家還有更多需要了解的可以持續關注我們億速云的行業推新,如需獲取專業解答,可在官網聯系售前售后的,希望該文章可給大家帶來一定的知識更新。
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