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參考 https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/slim
使用TensorFlow-Slim進行圖像分類
準備
安裝TensorFlow
參考 https://www.tensorflow.org/install/
如在Ubuntu下安裝TensorFlow with GPU support, python 2.7版本
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow_gpu-1.2.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl pip install tensorflow_gpu-1.2.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl
下載TF-slim圖像模型庫
cd $WORKSPACE git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/models/
準備數據
有不少公開數據集,這里以官網提供的Flowers為例。
官網提供了下載和轉換數據的代碼,為了理解代碼并能使用自己的數據,這里參考官方提供的代碼進行修改。
cd $WORKSPACE/data wget http://download.tensorflow.org/example_images/flower_photos.tgz tar zxf flower_photos.tgz
數據集文件夾結構如下:
flower_photos ├── daisy │ ├── 100080576_f52e8ee070_n.jpg │ └── ... ├── dandelion ├── LICENSE.txt ├── roses ├── sunflowers └── tulips
由于實際情況中我們自己的數據集并不一定把圖片按類別放在不同的文件夾里,故我們生成list.txt來表示圖片路徑與標簽的關系。
Python代碼:
import os class_names_to_ids = {'daisy': 0, 'dandelion': 1, 'roses': 2, 'sunflowers': 3, 'tulips': 4} data_dir = 'flower_photos/' output_path = 'list.txt' fd = open(output_path, 'w') for class_name in class_names_to_ids.keys(): images_list = os.listdir(data_dir + class_name) for image_name in images_list: fd.write('{}/{} {}\n'.format(class_name, image_name, class_names_to_ids[class_name])) fd.close()
為了方便后期查看label標簽,也可以定義labels.txt:
daisy dandelion roses sunflowers tulips
隨機生成訓練集與驗證集:
Python代碼:
import random _NUM_VALIDATION = 350 _RANDOM_SEED = 0 list_path = 'list.txt' train_list_path = 'list_train.txt' val_list_path = 'list_val.txt' fd = open(list_path) lines = fd.readlines() fd.close() random.seed(_RANDOM_SEED) random.shuffle(lines) fd = open(train_list_path, 'w') for line in lines[_NUM_VALIDATION:]: fd.write(line) fd.close() fd = open(val_list_path, 'w') for line in lines[:_NUM_VALIDATION]: fd.write(line) fd.close()
生成TFRecord數據:
Python代碼:
import sys sys.path.insert(0, '../models/slim/') from datasets import dataset_utils import math import os import tensorflow as tf def convert_dataset(list_path, data_dir, output_dir, _NUM_SHARDS=5): fd = open(list_path) lines = [line.split() for line in fd] fd.close() num_per_shard = int(math.ceil(len(lines) / float(_NUM_SHARDS))) with tf.Graph().as_default(): decode_jpeg_data = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.string) decode_jpeg = tf.image.decode_jpeg(decode_jpeg_data, channels=3) with tf.Session('') as sess: for shard_id in range(_NUM_SHARDS): output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, 'data_{:05}-of-{:05}.tfrecord'.format(shard_id, _NUM_SHARDS)) tfrecord_writer = tf.python_io.TFRecordWriter(output_path) start_ndx = shard_id * num_per_shard end_ndx = min((shard_id + 1) * num_per_shard, len(lines)) for i in range(start_ndx, end_ndx): sys.stdout.write('\r>> Converting image {}/{} shard {}'.format( i + 1, len(lines), shard_id)) sys.stdout.flush() image_data = tf.gfile.FastGFile(os.path.join(data_dir, lines[i][0]), 'rb').read() image = sess.run(decode_jpeg, feed_dict={decode_jpeg_data: image_data}) height, width = image.shape[0], image.shape[1] example = dataset_utils.image_to_tfexample( image_data, b'jpg', height, width, int(lines[i][1])) tfrecord_writer.write(example.SerializeToString()) tfrecord_writer.close() sys.stdout.write('\n') sys.stdout.flush() os.system('mkdir -p train') convert_dataset('list_train.txt', 'flower_photos', 'train/') os.system('mkdir -p val') convert_dataset('list_val.txt', 'flower_photos', 'val/')
得到的文件夾結構如下:
data ├── flower_photos ├── labels.txt ├── list_train.txt ├── list.txt ├── list_val.txt ├── train │ ├── data_00000-of-00005.tfrecord │ ├── ... │ └── data_00004-of-00005.tfrecord └── val ├── data_00000-of-00005.tfrecord ├── ... └── data_00004-of-00005.tfrecord
(可選)下載模型
官方提供了不少預訓練模型,這里以Inception-ResNet-v2以例。
cd $WORKSPACE/checkpoints wget http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_resnet_v2_2016_08_30.tar.gz tar zxf inception_resnet_v2_2016_08_30.tar.gz
訓練
讀入數據
官方提供了讀入Flowers數據集的代碼models/slim/datasets/flowers.py,同樣這里也是參考并修改成能讀入上面定義的通用數據集。
把下面代碼寫入models/slim/datasets/dataset_classification.py。
import os import tensorflow as tf slim = tf.contrib.slim def get_dataset(dataset_dir, num_samples, num_classes, labels_to_names_path=None, file_pattern='*.tfrecord'): file_pattern = os.path.join(dataset_dir, file_pattern) keys_to_features = { 'image/encoded': tf.FixedLenFeature((), tf.string, default_value=''), 'image/format': tf.FixedLenFeature((), tf.string, default_value='png'), 'image/class/label': tf.FixedLenFeature( [], tf.int64, default_value=tf.zeros([], dtype=tf.int64)), } items_to_handlers = { 'image': slim.tfexample_decoder.Image(), 'label': slim.tfexample_decoder.Tensor('image/class/label'), } decoder = slim.tfexample_decoder.TFExampleDecoder(keys_to_features, items_to_handlers) items_to_descriptions = { 'image': 'A color image of varying size.', 'label': 'A single integer between 0 and ' + str(num_classes - 1), } labels_to_names = None if labels_to_names_path is not None: fd = open(labels_to_names_path) labels_to_names = {i : line.strip() for i, line in enumerate(fd)} fd.close() return slim.dataset.Dataset( data_sources=file_pattern, reader=tf.TFRecordReader, decoder=decoder, num_samples=num_samples, items_to_descriptions=items_to_descriptions, num_classes=num_classes, labels_to_names=labels_to_names)
構建模型
官方提供了許多模型在models/slim/nets/。
如需要自定義模型,則參考官方提供的模型并放在對應的文件夾即可。
開始訓練
官方提供了訓練腳本,如果使用官方的數據讀入和處理,可使用以下方式開始訓練。
cd $WORKSPACE/models/slim CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="0" python train_image_classifier.py \ --train_dir=train_logs \ --dataset_name=flowers \ --dataset_split_name=train \ --dataset_dir=../../data/flowers \ --model_name=inception_resnet_v2 \ --checkpoint_path=../../checkpoints/inception_resnet_v2_2016_08_30.ckpt \ --checkpoint_exclude_scopes=InceptionResnetV2/Logits,InceptionResnetV2/AuxLogits \ --trainable_scopes=InceptionResnetV2/Logits,InceptionResnetV2/AuxLogits \ --max_number_of_steps=1000 \ --batch_size=32 \ --learning_rate=0.01 \ --learning_rate_decay_type=fixed \ --save_interval_secs=60 \ --save_summaries_secs=60 \ --log_every_n_steps=10 \ --optimizer=rmsprop \ --weight_decay=0.00004
不fine-tune把--checkpoint_path, --checkpoint_exclude_scopes和--trainable_scopes刪掉。
fine-tune所有層把--checkpoint_exclude_scopes和--trainable_scopes刪掉。
如果只使用CPU則加上--clone_on_cpu=True。
其它參數可刪掉用默認值或自行修改。
使用自己的數據則需要修改models/slim/train_image_classifier.py:
把
from datasets import dataset_factory
修改為
from datasets import dataset_classification
把
dataset = dataset_factory.get_dataset( FLAGS.dataset_name, FLAGS.dataset_split_name, FLAGS.dataset_dir)
修改為
dataset = dataset_classification.get_dataset( FLAGS.dataset_dir, FLAGS.num_samples, FLAGS.num_classes, FLAGS.labels_to_names_path)
在
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'dataset_dir', None, 'The directory where the dataset files are stored.')
后加入
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer( 'num_samples', 3320, 'Number of samples.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer( 'num_classes', 5, 'Number of classes.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'labels_to_names_path', None, 'Label names file path.')
訓練時執行以下命令即可:
cd $WORKSPACE/models/slim python train_image_classifier.py \ --train_dir=train_logs \ --dataset_dir=../../data/train \ --num_samples=3320 \ --num_classes=5 \ --labels_to_names_path=../../data/labels.txt \ --model_name=inception_resnet_v2 \ --checkpoint_path=../../checkpoints/inception_resnet_v2_2016_08_30.ckpt \ --checkpoint_exclude_scopes=InceptionResnetV2/Logits,InceptionResnetV2/AuxLogits \ --trainable_scopes=InceptionResnetV2/Logits,InceptionResnetV2/AuxLogits
可視化log
可一邊訓練一邊可視化訓練的log,可看到Loss趨勢。
tensorboard --logdir train_logs/
驗證
官方提供了驗證腳本。
python eval_image_classifier.py \ --checkpoint_path=train_logs \ --eval_dir=eval_logs \ --dataset_name=flowers \ --dataset_split_name=validation \ --dataset_dir=../../data/flowers \ --model_name=inception_resnet_v2
同樣,如果是使用自己的數據集,則需要修改models/slim/eval_image_classifier.py:
把
from datasets import dataset_factory
修改為
from datasets import dataset_classification
把
dataset = dataset_factory.get_dataset( FLAGS.dataset_name, FLAGS.dataset_split_name, FLAGS.dataset_dir)
修改為
dataset = dataset_classification.get_dataset( FLAGS.dataset_dir, FLAGS.num_samples, FLAGS.num_classes, FLAGS.labels_to_names_path)
在
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'dataset_dir', None, 'The directory where the dataset files are stored.')
后加入
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer( 'num_samples', 350, 'Number of samples.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer( 'num_classes', 5, 'Number of classes.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'labels_to_names_path', None, 'Label names file path.')
驗證時執行以下命令即可:
python eval_image_classifier.py \ --checkpoint_path=train_logs \ --eval_dir=eval_logs \ --dataset_dir=../../data/val \ --num_samples=350 \ --num_classes=5 \ --model_name=inception_resnet_v2
可以一邊訓練一邊驗證,,注意使用其它的GPU或合理分配顯存。
同樣也可以可視化log,如果已經在可視化訓練的log則建議使用其它端口,如:
tensorboard --logdir eval_logs/ --port 6007
測試
參考models/slim/eval_image_classifier.py,可編寫讀取圖片用模型進行推導的腳本models/slim/test_image_classifier.py
from __future__ import absolute_import from __future__ import division from __future__ import print_function import os import math import tensorflow as tf from nets import nets_factory from preprocessing import preprocessing_factory slim = tf.contrib.slim tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'master', '', 'The address of the TensorFlow master to use.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'checkpoint_path', '/tmp/tfmodel/', 'The directory where the model was written to or an absolute path to a ' 'checkpoint file.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'test_path', '', 'Test image path.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer( 'num_classes', 5, 'Number of classes.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer( 'labels_offset', 0, 'An offset for the labels in the dataset. This flag is primarily used to ' 'evaluate the VGG and ResNet architectures which do not use a background ' 'class for the ImageNet dataset.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'model_name', 'inception_v3', 'The name of the architecture to evaluate.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string( 'preprocessing_name', None, 'The name of the preprocessing to use. If left ' 'as `None`, then the model_name flag is used.') tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer( 'test_image_size', None, 'Eval image size') FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS def main(_): if not FLAGS.test_list: raise ValueError('You must supply the test list with --test_list') tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO) with tf.Graph().as_default(): tf_global_step = slim.get_or_create_global_step() #################### # Select the model # #################### network_fn = nets_factory.get_network_fn( FLAGS.model_name, num_classes=(FLAGS.num_classes - FLAGS.labels_offset), is_training=False) ##################################### # Select the preprocessing function # ##################################### preprocessing_name = FLAGS.preprocessing_name or FLAGS.model_name image_preprocessing_fn = preprocessing_factory.get_preprocessing( preprocessing_name, is_training=False) test_image_size = FLAGS.test_image_size or network_fn.default_image_size if tf.gfile.IsDirectory(FLAGS.checkpoint_path): checkpoint_path = tf.train.latest_checkpoint(FLAGS.checkpoint_path) else: checkpoint_path = FLAGS.checkpoint_path tf.Graph().as_default() with tf.Session() as sess: image = open(FLAGS.test_path, 'rb').read() image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image, channels=3) processed_image = image_preprocessing_fn(image, test_image_size, test_image_size) processed_images = tf.expand_dims(processed_image, 0) logits, _ = network_fn(processed_images) predictions = tf.argmax(logits, 1) saver = tf.train.Saver() saver.restore(sess, checkpoint_path) np_image, network_input, predictions = sess.run([image, processed_image, predictions]) print('{} {}'.format(FLAGS.test_path, predictions[0])) if __name__ == '__main__': tf.app.run()
測試時執行以下命令即可:
python test_image_classifier.py \ --checkpoint_path=train_logs/ \ --test_path=../../data/flower_photos/tulips/6948239566_0ac0a124ee_n.jpg \ --num_classes=5 \ --model_name=inception_resnet_v2
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