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這篇文章主要介紹Python爬蟲庫BeautifulSoup怎么用，文中介紹的非常詳細，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完！
一、介紹
BeautifulSoup庫是靈活又方便的網頁解析庫，處理高效，支持多種解析器。利用它不用編寫正則表達式即可方便地實現網頁信息的提取。
Python常用解析庫
| 解析器 | 使用方法 | 優勢 | 劣勢 |
| Python標準庫 | BeautifulSoup(markup, “html.parser”) | Python的內置標準庫、執行速度適中 、文檔容錯能力強 | Python 2.7.3 or 3.2.2)前的版本中文容錯能力差 |
| lxml HTML 解析器 | BeautifulSoup(markup, “lxml”) | 速度快、文檔容錯能力強 | 需要安裝C語言庫 |
| lxml XML 解析器 | BeautifulSoup(markup, “xml”) | 速度快、唯一支持XML的解析器 | 需要安裝C語言庫 |
| html5lib | BeautifulSoup(markup, “html5lib”) | 最好的容錯性、以瀏覽器的方式解析文檔、生成HTML5格式的文檔 | 速度慢、不依賴外部擴展 |
二、快速開始
給定html文檔，產生BeautifulSoup對象
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html_doc = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> <p class="story">...</p> """ soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,'lxml')
輸出完整文本
print(soup.prettify())
<html> <head> <title> The Dormouse's story </title> </head> <body> <p class="title"> <b> The Dormouse's story </b> </p> <p class="story"> Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link1"> Elsie </a> , <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link2"> Lacie </a> and <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link3"> Tillie </a> ; and they lived at the bottom of a well. </p> <p class="story"> ... </p> </body> </html>
瀏覽結構化數據
print(soup.title) #<title>標簽及內容
print(soup.title.name) #<title>name屬性
print(soup.title.string) #<title>內的字符串
print(soup.title.parent.name) #<title>的父標簽name屬性(head)
print(soup.p) # 第一個<p></p>
print(soup.p['class']) #第一個<p></p>的class
print(soup.a) # 第一個<a></a>
print(soup.find_all('a')) # 所有<a></a>
print(soup.find(id="link3")) # 所有id='link3'的標簽<title>The Dormouse's story</title> title The Dormouse's story head <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> ['title'] <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link1">Elsie</a> [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link1">Elsie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link2">Lacie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link3">Tillie</a>] <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link3">Tillie</a>
找出所有標簽內的鏈接
for link in soup.find_all('a'):
print(link.get('href'))http://example.com/elsie http://example.com/lacie http://example.com/tillie
獲得所有文字內容
print(soup.get_text())
The Dormouse's story The Dormouse's story Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were Elsie, Lacie and Tillie; and they lived at the bottom of a well. ...
自動補全標簽并進行格式化
html = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> <p class="story">...</p> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.prettify())#格式化代碼，自動補全 print(soup.title.string)#得到title標簽里的內容
標簽選擇器
選擇元素
html = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> <p class="story">...</p> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.title)#選擇了title標簽 print(type(soup.title))#查看類型 print(soup.head)
獲取標簽名稱
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.title.name)
獲取標簽屬性
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.p.attrs['name'])#獲取p標簽中，name這個屬性的值 print(soup.p['name'])#另一種寫法，比較直接
獲取標簽內容
print(soup.p.string)
標簽嵌套選擇
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.head.title.string)
子節點和子孫節點
html = """ <html> <head> <title>The Dormouse's story</title> </head> <body> <p class="story"> Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1"> <span>Elsie</span> </a> <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a> and they lived at the bottom of a well. </p> <p class="story">...</p> """ from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.p.contents)#獲取指定標簽的子節點，類型是list
另一個方法，child：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.p.children)#獲取指定標簽的子節點的迭代器對象 for i,children in enumerate(soup.p.children):#i接受索引，children接受內容 print(i,children)
輸出結果與上面的一樣，多了一個索引。注意，只能用循環來迭代出子節點的信息。因為直接返回的只是一個迭代器對象。
獲取子孫節點：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.p.descendants)#獲取指定標簽的子孫節點的迭代器對象 for i,child in enumerate(soup.p.descendants):#i接受索引，child接受內容 print(i,child)
父節點和祖先節點
parent
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(soup.a.parent)#獲取指定標簽的父節點
parents
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(list(enumerate(soup.a.parents)))#獲取指定標簽的祖先節點
兄弟節點
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')#傳入解析器：lxml print(list(enumerate(soup.a.next_siblings)))#獲取指定標簽的后面的兄弟節點 print(list(enumerate(soup.a.previous_siblings)))#獲取指定標簽的前面的兄弟節點
標準選擇器
find_all( name , attrs , recursive , text , **kwargs )
可根據標簽名、屬性、內容查找文檔。
name
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h5>Hello</h5>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all('ul'))#查找所有ul標簽下的內容
print(type(soup.find_all('ul')[0]))#查看其類型下面的例子就是查找所有ul標簽下的li標簽：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.find_all('ul'):
print(ul.find_all('li'))attrs（屬性）
通過屬性進行元素的查找
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h5>Hello</h5>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1" name="elements">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'id': 'list-1'}))#傳入的是一個字典類型，也就是想要查找的屬性
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'name': 'elements'}))查找到的是同樣的內容，因為這兩個屬性是在同一個標簽里面的。
特殊類型的參數查找：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') print(soup.find_all(id='list-1'))#id是個特殊的屬性，可以直接使用 print(soup.find_all(class_='element')) #class是關鍵字所以要用class_
text
根據文本內容來進行選擇：
html=''' <div class="panel"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h5>Hello</h5> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <ul class="list" id="list-1"> <li class="element">Foo</li> <li class="element">Bar</li> <li class="element">Jay</li> </ul> <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2"> <li class="element">Foo</li> <li class="element">Bar</li> </ul> </div> </div> ''' from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') print(soup.find_all(text='Foo'))#查找文本為Foo的內容，但是返回的不是標簽
所以說這個text在做內容匹配的時候比較方便，但是在做內容查找的時候并不是太方便。
方法
find
find用法和findall一模一樣，但是返回的是找到的第一個符合條件的內容輸出。
ind_parents()， find_parent()
find_parents()返回所有祖先節點，find_parent()返回直接父節點。
find_next_siblings() ,find_next_sibling()
find_next_siblings()返回后面的所有兄弟節點，find_next_sibling()返回后面的第一個兄弟節點
find_previous_siblings(),find_previous_sibling()
find_previous_siblings()返回前面所有兄弟節點,find_previous_sibling()返回前面第一個兄弟節點
find_all_next(),find_next()
find_all_next()返回節點后所有符合條件的節點，find_next()返回后面第一個符合條件的節點
find_all_previous(),find_previous()
find_all_previous()返回節點前所有符合條件的節點，find_previous()返回前面第一個符合條件的節點
CSS選擇器 通過select()直接傳入CSS選擇器即可完成選擇
html='''
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h5>Hello</h5>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="list" id="list-1">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
<li class="element">Jay</li>
</ul>
<ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
<li class="element">Foo</li>
<li class="element">Bar</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.select('.panel .panel-heading'))#.代表class，中間需要空格來分隔
print(soup.select('ul li')) #選擇ul標簽下面的li標簽
print(soup.select('#list-2 .element')) #'#'代表id。這句的意思是查找id為"list-2"的標簽下的，class=element的元素
print(type(soup.select('ul')[0]))#打印節點類型再看看層層嵌套的選擇：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
print(ul.select('li'))獲取屬性
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
print(ul['id'])# 用[ ]即可獲取屬性
print(ul.attrs['id'])#另一種寫法獲取內容
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for li in soup.select('li'):
print(li.get_text())用get_text（）方法就能獲取內容了。
以上是“Python爬蟲庫BeautifulSoup怎么用”這篇文章的所有內容，感謝各位的閱讀！希望分享的內容對大家有幫助，更多相關知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道！
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