CSS小技巧（代碼實例）

本篇文章為大家解決在寫css屬性的時候遇到一些問題，比如說：垂直對齊，垂直居中，背景漸變動畫，表格寬度自適應，模糊文本，樣式重置，清除浮動，通用媒體查詢，自定義選擇文本，強制出現滾動條，固定頭部和頁腳。

css代碼片段

1、垂直對齊 如果你用CSS，則你會有困惑：我該怎么垂直對齊容器中的元素？現在，利用CSS3的Transform，可以很優雅的解決這個困惑：

.verticalcenter{
    position: relative;
    top: 50%;
    -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%);
    -o-transform: translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

復制代碼使用這個技巧，從單行文本、段落到box，都會垂直對齊。目前瀏覽器對Transform的支持是需要關注的，Chrome 4, Opera 10, Safari 3, Firefox 3, and Internet Explorer 9均支持該屬性

2、伸展一個元素到窗口高度在具體場景中，你可能想要將一個元素伸展到窗口高度，基本元素的調整只能調整容器的大小,因此要使一個元素伸展到窗口高度，我們需要伸展頂層元素：html和body:html,

body {
    height: 100%;
}

復制代碼然后將100%應用到任何元素的高div

{
    height: 100%;
}

3、基于文件格式使用不同的樣式為了更容易知道鏈接的目標，有時你想讓一些鏈接看起來和其它的不同。下面的片段在文本鏈接前添加一個圖標，對不同的資源使用不同的圖標或圖片：

a[href^="http://"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(external.gif) no-repeat center right;
}
/* emails */
a[href^="mailto:"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(email.png) no-repeat center right;
}
/* pdfs */
a[href$=".pdf"]{
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url(pdf.png) no-repeat center right;
}

4、背景漸變動畫CSS中最具誘惑的一個功能是能添加動畫效果，除了漸變，你可以給背景色、透明度、元素大小添加動畫。目前，你不能為漸變添加動畫，但下面的代碼可能有幫助。它通過改變背景位置，讓它看起來有動畫效果。

button {
    background-image: linear-gradient(#5187c4, #1c2f45);
    background-size: auto 200%;
    background-position: 0 100%;
    transition: background-position 0.5s;
}    
button:hover {
    background-position: 0 0;
}

5、CSS：表格列寬自適用對于表格，當談到調整列寬時，是比較痛苦的。然后，這里有一個可以使用的技巧：給td元素添加white-space: nowrap;能讓文本正確的換行

td {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

6、只在一邊或兩邊顯示盒子陰影 如果你要一個盒陰影，試試這個技巧，能為任一邊添加陰影。為了實現這個，首先定義一個有具體寬高的盒子，然后正確定位:after偽類。實現底邊陰影的代碼如下

.box-shadow {
    background-color: #FF8020;
    width: 160px;
    height: 90px;
    margin-top: -45px;
    margin-left: -80px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
}
.box-shadow:after {
    content: "";
    width: 150px;
    height: 1px;
    margin-top: 88px;
    margin-left: -75px;
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    z-index: -1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
       -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
            box-shadow: 0px 0px 8px 2px #000000;
}

7、包裹長文本 如果你碰到一個比自身容器長的文本，這個技巧對你很有用。在這個示例中，默認時，不管容器的寬度，文本都將水平填充。簡單的CSS代碼就能在容器中調整文本：

pre {
    white-space: pre-line;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

效果看起來如下：

8、制造模糊文本 想要讓文本模糊？可以使用color透明和text-shadow實現

.blurry-text {
   color: transparent;
   text-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
}

9、用CSS動畫實現省略號動畫 這個片段將幫助你制造一個ellipsis的動畫，對于簡單的加載狀態是很有用的，而不用去使用gif圖像。

.loading:after {
    overflow: hidden;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: bottom;
    animation: ellipsis 2s infinite;
    content: "\2026"; /* ascii code for the ellipsis character */
}
@keyframes ellipsis {
    from {
        width: 2px;
    }
    to {
        width: 15px;
    }
}

10、樣式重置

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h7, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  font-size: 100%;
  font: inherit;
  vertical-align: baseline;
  outline: none;
  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
html { height: 101%; }
body { font-size: 62.5%; line-height: 1; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; }
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block; }
ol, ul { list-style: none; }
blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; }
strong { font-weight: bold; } 
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; }
img { border: 0; max-width: 100%; }
p { font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.0em; color: #333; }復制代碼11、典型的CSS清除浮動.clearfix:after {
 content: "."; 
 display: block;
 clear: both;
 visibility: hidden;
 line-height: 0;
 height: 0; 
}
.clearfix { display: inline-block; }
html[xmlns] .clearfix { display: block; }
* html .clearfix { height: 1%; }復制代碼12、新版清除浮動（2011）.clearfix:before, .container:after { content: ""; display: table; }
.clearfix:after { clear: both; }
/* IE 6/7 */
.clearfix { zoom: 1; }復制代碼13、跨瀏覽器的透明.transparent {
    filter: alpha(opacity=50); /* internet explorer */
    -khtml-opacity: 0.5;      /* khtml, old safari */
    -moz-opacity: 0.5;       /* mozilla, netscape */
    opacity: 0.5;           /* fx, safari, opera */
}

14、通用媒體查詢

/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen 
and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 321px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPads (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Desktops and laptops ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* Large screens ----------- */
@media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) {
  /* Styles */
}
/* iPhone 4 ----------- */
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5) {
  /* Styles */
}

15、自定義文本選擇

::selection { background: #e2eae2; }
::-moz-selection { background: #e2eae2; }
::-webkit-selection { background: #e2eae2; }復制代碼16、為logo隱藏H1h2 {
    text-indent: -9999px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 320px;
    height: 85px;
    background: transparent url("images/logo.png") no-repeat scroll;
}

17、錨鏈接偽類

a:link { color: blue; }
a:visited { color: purple; }
a:hover { color: red; }
a:active { color: yellow; }

18、CSS3：全屏背景

html { 
    background: url('images/bg.jpg') no-repeat center center fixed; 
    -webkit-background-size: cover;
    -moz-background-size: cover;
    -o-background-size: cover;
    background-size: cover;
}

19、內容垂直居中

.container {
    min-height: 6.5em;
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

20、強制出現垂直滾動條

html { height: 101% }復制代碼21、CSS3漸變模板#colorbox {
    background: #629721;
    background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#83b842), to(#629721));
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
    background-image: linear-gradient(top, #83b842, #629721);
}

22、CSS3 斑馬線

tbody tr:nth-child(odd) {
    background-color: #ccc;
}

23、內部CSS3 盒陰影

#mydiv { 
    -moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
    box-shadow: inset 2px 0 4px #000;
}

24、外部CSS3 盒陰影

#mydiv { 
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.52);
}

25、三角形列表項目符號

ul {
    margin: 0.75em 0;
    padding: 0 1em;
    list-style: none;
}
li:before { 
    content: "";
    border-color: transparent #111;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 0.35em 0 0.35em 0.45em;
    display: block;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    left: -1em;
    top: 0.9em;
    position: relative;
}

26、固定寬度的居中布局

#page-wrap {
    width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

27、CSS3 列文本

#columns-3 {
    text-align: justify;
    -moz-column-count: 3;
    -moz-column-gap: 12px;
    -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #c4c8cc;
    -webkit-column-count: 3;
    -webkit-column-gap: 12px;
    -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #c4c8cc;
}

28、CSS固定頁腳

#footer {
    position: fixed;
    left: 0px;
    bottom: 0px;
    height: 30px;
    width: 100%;
    background: #444;
}
/* IE 6 */
* html #footer {
    position: absolute;
    top: expression((0-(footer.offsetHeight)+(document.documentElement.clientHeight ? document.documentElement.clientHeight : document.body.clientHeight)+(ignoreMe = document.documentElement.scrollTop ? document.documentElement.scrollTop : document.body.scrollTop))+'px');
}

29、跨瀏覽器設置最小高度

#container {
    min-height: 550px;
    height: auto !important;
    height: 550px;
}

30、CSS3 鮮艷的輸入

input[type=text], textarea {
    -webkit-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -moz-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -ms-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    -o-transition: all 0.30s ease-in-out;
    outline: none;
    padding: 3px 0px 3px 3px;
    margin: 5px 1px 3px 0px;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
}
input[type=text]:focus, textarea:focus {
    box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(81, 203, 238, 1);
    padding: 3px 0px 3px 3px;
    margin: 5px 1px 3px 0px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(81, 203, 238, 1);
}

31、基于文件類型的鏈接樣式

/* external links */
a[href^="http://"] {
    padding-right: 13px;
    background: url('external.gif') no-repeat center right;
}
/* emails */
a[href^="mailto:"] {
    padding-right: 20px;
    background: url('email.png') no-repeat center right;
}
/* pdfs */
a[href$=".pdf"] {
    padding-right: 18px;
    background: url('acrobat.png') no-repeat center right;
}

32、強制換行

pre {
    white-space: pre-wrap;       /* css-3 */
    white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;  /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
    white-space: -pre-wrap;      /* Opera 4-6 */
    white-space: -o-pre-wrap;    /* Opera 7 */
    word-wrap: break-word;       /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
}

33、在可點擊的項目上強制手型

a[href], input[type='submit'], input[type='image'], label[for], select, button, .pointer {
    cursor: pointer;
}

34、CSS3對話氣泡

.chat-bubble {
    background-color: #ededed;
    border: 2px solid #666;
    font-size: 35px;
    line-height: 1.3em;
    margin: 10px auto;
    padding: 10px;
    position: relative;
    text-align: center;
    width: 300px;
    -moz-border-radius: 20px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 20px;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #888;
    font-family: 'Bangers', arial, serif; 
}
.chat-bubble-arrow-border {
    border-color: #666 transparent transparent transparent;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 20px;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -42px;
    left: 30px;
}
.chat-bubble-arrow {
    border-color: #ededed transparent transparent transparent;
    border-style: solid;
    border-width: 20px;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -39px;
    left: 30px;
}

35、H1-H5默認樣式

h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{
    color: #005a9c;
}
h2{
    font-size: 2.6em;
    line-height: 2.45em;
}
h3{
    font-size: 2.1em;
    line-height: 1.9em;
}
h4{
    font-size: 1.8em;
    line-height: 1.65em;
}
h5{
    font-size: 1.65em;
    line-height: 1.4em;
}
h6{
    font-size: 1.4em;
    line-height: 1.25em;
}

36、CSS懸浮提示文本

a { 
    border-bottom:1px solid #bbb;
    color:#666;
    display:inline-block;
    position:relative;
    text-decoration:none;
}
a:hover,
a:focus {
    color:#36c;
}
a:active {
    top:1px; 
}
/* Tooltip styling */
a[data-tooltip]:after {
    border-top: 8px solid #222;
    border-top: 8px solid hsla(0,0%,0%,.85);
    border-left: 8px solid transparent;
    border-right: 8px solid transparent;
    content: "";
    display: none;
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    left: 25%;
    position: absolute;
}
a[data-tooltip]:before {
    background: #222;
    background: hsla(0,0%,0%,.85);
    color: #f6f6f6;
    content: attr(data-tooltip);
    display: none;
    font-family: sans-serif;
    font-size: 14px;
    height: 32px;
    left: 0;
    line-height: 32px;
    padding: 0 15px;
    position: absolute;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 1px hsla(0,0%,0%,1);
    white-space: nowrap;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
    -moz-border-radius: 5px;
    -o-border-radius: 5px;
    border-radius: 5px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:hover:after {
    display: block;
    top: -9px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:hover:before {
    display: block;
    top: -41px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:active:after {
    top: -10px;
}
a[data-tooltip]:active:before {
    top: -42px;
}

37、深灰色的圓形按鈕

.graybtn {
    -moz-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    -webkit-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #ffffff), color-stop(1, #d1d1d1) );
    background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #ffffff 5%, #d1d1d1 100% );
    filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ffffff', endColorstr='#d1d1d1');
    background-color:#ffffff;
    -moz-border-radius:6px;
    -webkit-border-radius:6px;
    border-radius:6px;
    border:1px solid #dcdcdc;
    display:inline-block;
    color:#777777;
    font-family:arial;
    font-size:15px;
    font-weight:bold;
    padding:6px 24px;
    text-decoration:none;
    text-shadow:1px 1px 0px #ffffff;
}
.graybtn:hover {
    background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #d1d1d1), color-stop(1, #ffffff) );
    background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #d1d1d1 5%, #ffffff 100% );
    filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#d1d1d1', endColorstr='#ffffff');
    background-color:#d1d1d1;
}
.graybtn:active {
    position:relative;
    top:1px;
}

38、在可打印的網頁中顯示URLs

@media print   {  
  a:after {  
    content: " [" attr(href) "] ";  
  }  
}

39、CSS3 圓點圖案

body {
    background: radial-gradient(circle, white 10%, transparent 10%),
    radial-gradient(circle, white 10%, black 10%) 50px 50px;
    background-size: 100px 100px;
}

40、CSS font屬性縮寫

p {
  font: italic small-caps bold 1.2em/1.0em Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica;
}

41、論文頁面的卷曲效果

ul.box {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1; /* prevent shadows falling behind containers with backgrounds */
    overflow: hidden;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0; 
}
ul.box li {
    position: relative;
    float: left;
    width: 250px;
    height: 150px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 1px solid #efefef;
    margin: 0 30px 30px 0;
    background: #fff;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset; 
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.27), 0 0 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) inset; 
}
ul.box li:before,
ul.box li:after {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    left: 10px;
    bottom: 10px;
    width: 70%;
    max-width: 300px; /* avoid rotation causing ugly appearance at large container widths */
    max-height: 100px;
    height: 55%;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -webkit-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -moz-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -ms-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    -o-transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg);
    transform: skew(-15deg) rotate(-6deg); 
}
ul.box li:after {
    left: auto;
    right: 10px;
    -webkit-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -moz-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -ms-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    -o-transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg);
    transform: skew(15deg) rotate(6deg); 
}

42、鮮艷的錨鏈接

a {
    color: #00e;
}
a:visited {
    color: #551a8b;
}
a:hover {
    color: #06e;
}
a:focus {
    outline: thin dotted;
}
a:hover, a:active {
    outline: 0;
}
a, a:visited, a:active {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    -webkit-transition: all .3s ease-in-out;
}
a:hover, .glow {
    color: #ff0;
    text-shadow: 0 0 10px #ff0;
}

以上就是42個CSS常用技巧的詳細內容，更多請關注億速云其它相關文章！