Scrapy支持通過實現一個自定義的過濾器中間件來支持URL自定義過濾。首先,您需要定義一個自定義的Middleware類,并實現process_request方法,在該方法中可以對請求的URL進行過濾。然后,將該Middleware類添加到Scrapy的DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES配置中,確保它在整個下載流程中被調用。
以下是一個簡單的示例,演示如何實現一個自定義的過濾器中間件來過濾URL:
```python
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy import HttpProxyMiddleware
class CustomFilterMiddleware(HttpProxyMiddleware):
def __init__(self, settings):
super().__init__(settings)
# 自定義的URL過濾規則
self.allowed_domains = settings.getlist('ALLOWED_DOMAINS')
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
middleware = super(CustomFilterMiddleware, cls).from_crawler(crawler)
crawler.signals.connect(middleware.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return middleware
def spider_opened(self, spider):
self.allowed_domains.extend(getattr(spider, 'allowed_domains', []))
def process_request(self, request, spider):
if not any(domain in request.url for domain in self.allowed_domains):
self.logger.debug(f"URL {request.url} is not allowed by custom filter")
return None
return None
```
然后,在Scrapy的settings.py文件中添加以下配置:
```python
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'myproject.middlewares.CustomFilterMiddleware': 543,
}
ALLOWED_DOMAINS = ['example.com', 'example.org']
```
在這個示例中,CustomFilterMiddleware類繼承自Scrapy內置的HttpProxyMiddleware,并在process_request方法中檢查請求的URL是否屬于ALLOWED_DOMAINS列表中的任何一個域名。如果不屬于任何一個域名,則該請求將被過濾掉。
通過實現這樣一個自定義的過濾器中間件,您可以靈活地定義URL的過濾規則,以滿足您的需求。