Vectorized query execution: Hive 3.x introduces vectorized query execution which processes multiple rows at a time, resulting in improved performance compared to row-by-row processing in Hive 2.x.

ACID transaction support: Hive 3.x adds support for ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transactions, allowing for more reliable and consistent data operations.

Improved query optimization: Hive 3.x includes several improvements to query optimization, such as better cost-based optimization and the ability to push down certain operations to storage systems like Apache HBase.

Enhancements to LLAP (Live Long and Process): Hive 3.x includes enhancements to LLAP, a long-running daemon that provides interactive query performance, including improved memory management and caching mechanisms.

Improved integration with Apache Ranger: Hive 3.x offers improved integration with Apache Ranger for fine-grained access control and security policies.

Compatibility with Hadoop 3: Hive 3.x is compatible with Hadoop 3, allowing users to take advantage of new features and improvements in the latest version of Hadoop.

Better support for complex data types: Hive 3.x provides better support for complex data types like arrays, maps, and structs, making it easier to work with nested data structures.

Improved support for SQL standards: Hive 3.x includes improvements to its SQL capabilities, such as better support for SQL standards like ANSI SQL and improved compatibility with other SQL-based tools and frameworks.